Perchloryl fluoride | |
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Perchloryl fluoride |
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Other names
Chlorine oxyfluoride, Perchlorofluoride, Chlorine fluorine oxide, Trioxychlorofluoride, Perchloric acid fluoride |
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Identifiers | |
CAS number | 7616-94-6 |
PubChem | 24258 |
ChemSpider | 22680 |
RTECS number | SD1925000 |
Jmol-3D images | Image 1 |
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Properties | |
Molecular formula | ClFO3 |
Molar mass | 102.4496 g/mol |
Appearance | Colorless gas |
Density | 1.4 g/cm3 |
Melting point |
−147.8 °C, 125 K, -234 °F |
Boiling point |
−46.7 °C, 226 K, -52 °F |
Solubility in water | 0.06 g/100 ml (20 °C) |
Structure | |
Molecular shape | Tetrahedral[1]:373 |
Thermochemistry | |
Std enthalpy of formation ΔfH |
−5.7[1]:380 |
Hazards | |
Main hazards | Corrosive, oxidizing, toxic |
NFPA 704 |
2
3
3
OX
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Threshold Limit Value | 3 ppm |
(verify) (what is: / ?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
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Infobox references |
Perchloryl fluoride[2] is a reactive gas with the chemical formula FClO3. It has a characteristic sweet odor[3] that resembles gasoline and kerosene. It is toxic and is a powerful oxidizing and fluorinating agent. It is the acid fluoride of perchloric acid.
In spite of its small enthalpy of formation (ΔHfO = −5.7), it is kinetically stable, decomposing only at 400 °C.[1]:380 It is quite reactive towards reducing agents and anions, however, with the chlorine atom acting as an electrophile.[1]:382 It reacts explosively with reducing agents such as amides, metals, hydrides, etc.[3]
Contents |
Perchloryl fluoride is produced primarily by the fluorination of perchlorates. Antimony pentafluoride is a commonly-used fluorinating agent:[1]:372-373
FClO3 reacts with alcohols to produce alkyl perchlorates, which are extremely shock-sensitive explosives.[4] Using Friedel-Crafts catalysts, it can be used for introducing the –ClO3 group into aromatic rings via electrophilic aromatic substitution.[5]
Perchloryl fluoride is used in organic chemistry as a mild fluorinating agent.[1]:383 It was the first industrially-relevant electrophilic fluorinating agent, used since the 1960s for producing fluorinated steroids.[4]
Perchloryl fluoride was investigated as a high performance liquid rocket fuel oxidizer.[6] In comparison with chlorine pentafluoride and bromine pentafluoride, it has significantly lower specific impulse, but does not tend to corrode tanks. It does not require cryogenic storage.
It can also be used in flame photometry as an excitation source.[7]
Perchloryl fluoride is toxic, with a TLV of 3 ppm. It is a strong lung- and eye-irritant capable of producing burns on exposed skin. Its IDLH level is 385 ppm. Symptoms of exposure include dizziness, headaches, syncope, and cyanosis. Exposure to toxic levels causes severe respiratory tract inflammation and pulmonary edema.[6]
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